The life and achievements of a prominent scientist

Collection: Biography of Poets and Scientists

Lord Kelvin

Thermodynamics to Trans -Atlantic: Lord Kelvin's Success Story

Lord Kelvin's youth

Who is Lord Kelvin?

Lord Kelvin was born on June 6 in Belfast, the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He was one of the greatest mathematical scholars and British physicists in the nineteenth century. He served as a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Glasgow for five years, where he conducted important research in the fields of electricity and thermodynamics. He was also engaged in electrical telegraph engineering, and for his work in the Transcontrial Telegraph project, in 1866, Queen Victoria received the nickname of Knight and became William Thomson.

Lord Kelvin is one of the largest British scholars and has received important awards such as the first Smith Prize and prestigious royal medals. He is also known for determining the concept of absolute temperature (absolute zero) and conducting important research on thermodynamics.

Lord Kelvin has been interested in the sea and polar issues and has been influential in studies in this field. He has been remembered as one of the leading people of the University of Glasgow and a history of physics and engineering. And he eventually died in Largez, Scotland.

Lord Kelvin's biography

Lord Kelvin's biography

William's father, James Thomson, was a mathematics and engineering teacher at the Bafast Royal Academic Institute. She married Margaret Gardner in the year 6, and six children and two daughters were born. Unfortunately, Margaret Thomson died in year 6.

William Thomson and his older brother, James, were trained by their father, while the younger boys were trained by their older sisters. James intended to enjoy his father's encouragement and support for his engineering job.

In year 4, his father was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Glasgow and the family moved there. During this period, William Thomson put his studies in the field of language as a top priority.

William Thomson had heart problems and approached death at the age of eight. He studied at the Royal Academic Institute of Belfast and began his studies at the University of Glasgow at the age of eight.

He was interested in the classics and loved nature and science. At the age of eight, he received a prize for translating the work of Lucian Samosata from ancient Greece to English.

In the academic year, he received the Astronomy Class Award for his article on the form of land and the basic facilities for mathematical analysis. He also managed to convert electrostatic issues into mathematical techniques of electrical images, to create significant connections between mathematical theories of heat conduct and electrostatic.

In year 4, he was able to move to Cambridge with the help of his father and began his studies at the University of Peteraus in Cambridge. During this period, he also followed the sports, athletics and scout activities and won the Kolkuhoon Prize in year 2. But the scientific reality was William Thomson's attraction to scientific fields.

He graduated as the second Rangler and was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow in year 6. During this period he became known as the development of electricity and invented mathematical techniques of electrical images.

Since then, William Thomson has been known as Lord Kelvin, and its studies and research have greatly contributed to the formation of thermodynamics and electricity. He is one of the great scholars in the history of science who left his name on issues such as thermodynamics and the existence of absolute zero (zero -Kelvin).

Lord Kelvin's works

Lord Kelvin's achievements

In 1847, Thomson, as a young and talented scientist, became known at the annual meeting of the British Association for the advancement of science in Oxford. At the meeting, he was introduced to James Prescott Joule, who tried to reject the heat calorie theory and thermal engine theory made by Sadi Carnot and Emil Clapeyron. Jules indicated the mutual conversion of heat and mechanical work and their mechanical currency.

Thomson was curious on the one hand, but on the other hand pessimistic. He felt that Jules's results needed theoretical explanation, but with a deeper commitment to the Carno-Clapion School. He predicted that the ice melting point should be lower, otherwise the expansion of water during freezing could be used to create effective thermal motors. Experimental approval in his laboratory helped to strengthen his beliefs.

In 1848, he expanded Carno-Clapirone's theory because of the dissatisfaction that the gas thermometer only offered an operational definition of temperature. He suggested the absolute temperature scale, in which a unit of heat receiving from the body at the temperature of t, in the body of the bin (T – 1), and exports the mechanics. This scale was “completely independent of the physical properties of any particular material”. Thomson assumed that heat could not turn into mechanical work and reach the absolute zero point that Gium Amonton had guessed in 1702. Thomson used data released by Henry Victor Renault to calibrate his scale.

William Thomson

Thomson wrote in his magazine:

“… conversion of heat (or calories) to mechanical effect is probably impossible, definitely not discovered.”

But the footnote has shown his first doubt about calorie theory, which refers to the remarkable discoveries of Jules. Surprisingly, Thomson submitted a copy of his article to Jules, but when Jules finally read it, he wrote to Thomson on October 6, claiming that his studies had shown heat conversion, but he was planning more tests. Thomson responded on October 27 and revealed that he was planning his experiments and hoping to reconcile between their two views.

Thomson returned to Carnn's initial publication and read his analysis for the Royal Edinburgh Royal Society in January 1849, but was not yet convinced that this theory was essentially true. However, although Thomson did not do any new tests, he became increasingly unhappy with Carno's theory in the next two years and convinced Jules's theory. In February 1851, he sat down to express his new thinking. He was not sure how to frame his theory, and the article went through several drafts before trying to reconcile Carno and Jules. During his rewriting, he seems to have considered ideas that subsequently lead to the second law of thermodynamics. In Carno's theory, heat was completely destroyed, but Thomson claimed that “it was unbearable for humans, but is not lost in the material world”. In addition, his theological beliefs led Thomson to generalize the second law to the cosmos, and the idea of ​​global heat death.

He believes that heat is lost in the material world and transforms a scattered movement. He believed that no physical act could completely return heat from the sun, and that some of the energy lost in VIS VIVA could not be carefully offset. He came to the conclusion that less likely to be compensated and the world is naturally moving towards destruction. This theory was known as the “global heat death”.

Thomson became famous for more than 650 scientific articles and 70 patents requested. He believed that in physics, measurement and numerical number were of great importance. He believed that when we could measure something and express numbers, real knowledge was gained. But when we cannot measure something and do not express numbers, our knowledge is limited and incomplete.

Although prominent in the academic field, Thomson was vague to the general public. In September 1852, he married his childhood friend Margaret Karam, daughter of Walter Karam; But his health was damaged in their honeymoon, and Thomson was suffering from his suffering over the next five years. On October 5, George Gabriel Stokes wrote a letter to Thomson to re -interest him by requesting some of Michael Faraday's experiments on the Atlantic's supernatural telegraph cable.

Faraday had shown that how the cable was built limits the speed of sending messages to the modern language, bandwidth. Thomson addressed this issue and released his response that month. He expressed his results based on the data rate that can be achieved and its economic consequences in terms of the potential of the telegraph company. In a further analysis in year 2, Thomson emphasized how the cable design would affect its profitability.

Thomson claimed that the signal transmission speed through a specific cable was inverse to the cable length. Thomson's results were consulted at a meeting of the British Association in year 6 by Wilman White House, the Atlantic Telegraph Corporation. White House probably misrepheded the results of his experiments, but he was undoubtedly financial pressure, as cable programs were being implemented. He believed that Thomson's calculations show that Kabul should be “abandoned as impossible and commercially.”

In a letter to the famous Athenaom Magazine, Thomson objected to White House claims and exposed himself to the public. Thomson introduced a larger media with a larger part of the insulation. He thought White House was not stupid and might have the practical skill to implement the existing plan. Thomson's work attracted the attention of project executives. On December 5, he was elected as a member of the board of directors of the Telegraph Company.

Kelvin also had the theory in the field of geology, and because of his belief in Christianity, he was considered creation. With the help of his knowledge in Thermodynamics, he was able to estimate the life of the sun as well as the earth. With the publication of the book the source of Darwin's types, he opposed it, believing that the life of the sun (equal to what he was estimated) was less than that it was necessary to correct the theory of evolution. Later, although in private talks, he remained incorrectly, but still disagreed with the theory of evolution.

Photo by Lord Kelvin

The death of Lord Kelvin

Kelvin died in Largez, Scotland. Until his death, he received many awards and honors, such as the Knight. But the most important of these was the aristocratic nickname “Lord Kelvin”. Kelvin is the name of a river that is rejected by the land of the University of Glasgow in the western city of Glasgow.

Frequently asked questions about Lord Kelvin

Who was Lord Kelvin?

Lord Kelvin was his main name William Thomson, who was born on June 5 and died on December 5. He was a prominent British scientist in the fields of thermodynamics and the natural sciences.

What important things did Lord Kelvin do?

Lord Kelvin has achieved a lot of success. He presented the concept of certain heat, estimated the life of the sun and the earth, and promoted the ocean mapping. It also did important things in the telegraph.

Was Lord Kelvin linked to Christianity?

Yes, Lord Kelvin was related to Christian religion. He believed as a Christian and supported Christianity. He had a prayer in the prayer as part of his daily program.

What were the titles and honors of Lord Kelvin?

Lord Kelvin was appointed one of the first members of the new competence and was given the title of private consultant. He also became a member of the Buckingham Palace.

Where was Lord Kelvin buried?

Lord Kelvin was buried in the Glasgow cemetery. The cemetery has the second modern memorial to William Thomson and was built by the Glasgow Royal Philosophical Society.

Lord Kelvin's article

At the end of this article, we lived out of the life and prominent performances of Lord Kelvin. He was a British scientist with very important participation in various scientific fields and had a major impact on thermodynamics, ocean mapping, and geology. He is also known as a belief in Christianity and religion in Christianity. He received many honors and titles and remained in the Glasgow cemetery after his death. Hoping that the information provided in this article will help you get to know Lord Kelvin's life and participation.

Collecting:The scientific part of Bitote